The Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology was established in 1902 initially as the Japanese Society of Neurology under the management of the psychiatrist HidezoKure and the internist Kinnosuke Miura with a membership of about 200. The journal of the society, the Neurologia Japonica, was published in the same year. In 1935, by adding the term “psychiatry”,the title of the society was changed to the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, and its journal was also renamed “Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica”. The society was reorganized into a corporation in 1946.